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John Renbourn plays in many different tunings
including DADGBE and open G. He also plays in
standard tuning.
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It was these British pioneers in the early 1960s that
launched the modern revolution of alternate tunings.
Guitarists such as Davey Graham, Martin Carthy, John
Renbourn, and Bert Jansch used alternate tunings to
present more challenging guitar arrangements and push
the limits of commonly accepted steel string guitar
technique for the right hand as well. For instance,
Davey Graham is said to have "invented" DADGAD.
While that claim may be a stretch, it is certain that
he was among the masters of this tuning in his day.
Bert Jansch's work with the British folk group Pentangle
was key to popularizing the alternate tunings for a
wider audience including those on our side of the Atlantic.
Alternate tunings in the States took several parallel
paths starting in the 1960s. For instance, John Fahey
led the charge for the fledgling guitar style he called
"American Primitive" but more commonly is
known today as fingerstyle guitar. Fahey's contribution
cannot be understated. Reaching back for the strong
right hand techniques used by pioneering delta blues
players and coupling them with alternate tunings, he
created a style previously unheard. To further his music
and re-introduce people to the original performers he
adored, Fahey founded Tacoma Records.
One of Fahey's protegés, Leo Kottke, took the
style to the next level in the late 60s and early 70s
with his aggressive right hand attack and an arsenal
of alternate tunings from which to work. Kottke's compositional
style and successful forays into ensemble work broadened
the audience still again. Both Fahey and Kottke were
unique in other ways - each played most of their songs
in alternate tunings and each worked primarily as a
solo guitarist. Together, these two guitarists paved
the way for today's fingerstyle masters ranging from
Windham Hill founder, Will Ackerman, to acoustic pyro-technician
Michael Hedges to the neo-classical prowess of Muriel
Anderson.
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Crosby uses tunings as part of the songwriting
process. For instance, Guinnevere is in EBDGAD.
In My Dreams is in DADDGC.
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Nashville got in on the magic as well when Chet Atkins
and Jerry Reed began using alternate tunings in some
of their work. Chet Atkins used alternate tunings in
the early 50s on tunes such as "Blue Gypsy."
Long considered one of Chet's best albums, 1973's "Chet
Atkins Alone" is a hallmark of solo guitar work
and features several different tunings. Jerry Reed's
star rose through many of intricate and unusual arrangements
that were made possible by alternate tunings.
Singer-songwriters in the 60s and 70s realized the
power and beauty of alternate tunings as well. David
Crosby and Joni Mitchell were strong proponents of alternate
tunings. Crosby has been called a "guitar thinker"
by his contemporaries. He uses literally dozens of different
tunings and tends to think through the intervals each
tuning provides as a way of accenting elements of the
melody and rhythm. Most of Crosby's songs are written
in an alternate tuning. Joni Mitchell may have been
one step ahead of Crosby in her thinking. Her early
songwriting style depended upon the tuning to define
the emotional feel of the song and was an elemental
part of the creative process for her. In talking about
her work with ensembles, Joni felt most bands didn't
"get" her arrangements due to her unorthodox
writing style. Paul Simon was another proponent of alternate
tunings and incorporated them in songs such as "Scarborough
Fair."
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